Regulation A+ Offering: Hype or Reality?

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Regulation A+, a relatively novel fundraising mechanism, has gained significant attention from both investors and businesses. Proponents praise its potential to empower access to capital for small businesses, while critics express concern about its limitations.

The allure of Regulation A+ lies in its ability to harness the power of crowdfunding to raise funds from a wide pool of investors. This, in theory, can furnish businesses with an alternative to traditional financing sources and foster economic development. However, the obstacles associated with navigating the regulatory landscape and the potential of fraud remain significant concerns.

As the Regulation A+ ecosystem develops, it will be important to achieve a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring investor protection. Only then can Regulation A+ truly realize its full potential.

Reg A+ | MOFO

MOFO's legal professionals is familiar with Regulation A+, a regulation under the U.S. Securities Laws that allows companies to raise capital from the general public. Employing this offering, businesses can access funding for expansion while meeting the requirements of legal frameworks. Our practitioners assist companies through every step of the Regulation A+ process, ensuring a efficient and appropriate offering.

Overview of Title IV Regulation A+ regarding Me

Manhattan Street Capital is a crowdfunding platform that specializes in helping companies raise capital through Title IV Regulation A+. This regulation allows private companies to sell securities to the public and raise up to $75 million per year. Corporations can use this funding for multiple purposes, such as expanding operations, developing new products, or acquiring other businesses. Manhattan Street Capital provides a comprehensive platform that assists companies through the entire Regulation A+ process, from filing to investor engagement.

Should you you're a company looking to raise capital, Manhattan Street Capital's expertise in Title IV Regulation A+ can be a valuable asset.

The Latest Reg A+ Opportunity: What Is A Reg - We Possess All Of Them

Navigating the world of securities offerings can be complex. That's why we've become experts in Reg A+, a powerful mechanism that allows companies to raise capital from the public. If you are an entrepreneur seeking funding or an investor looking for new opportunities, Reg A+ could be the perfect match. Our team is dedicated to providing clear, concise support throughout the entire process.

We understand that every company has unique needs. That's why we offer a range of customized options tailored to your specific objectives. From initial consultation to final filing, we'll be there every step of the way to ensure a smooth and successful Reg A+ offering.

Uncover the benefits of Reg A+ for your business.
Obtain our expert knowledge and experience in navigating the regulatory landscape.
Maximize your chances of a successful capital raise.

What Startups Need to Know About Regulation A+

Launching a startup is an exciting journey filled with disruption. But amidst the hustle and bustle of building your dream, navigating the complex world of regulations can feel daunting. A key piece of the puzzle for startups seeking funding is understanding Regulation A+, a unique opportunity that allows companies to raise capital from the public. Regulation A+ offers a streamlined path to securing investment, potentially unlocking significant growth opportunities.

Fundamental benefits of Regulation A+ include expanded investor access, increased capital raising capabilities, and a more transparent fundraising process. Startups considering this option should carefully examine the specific requirements and implications.
Seeking guidance from experienced legal and financial professionals is strongly advised to ensure a smooth regulatory journey. Regulation A+ can be a powerful tool for startups seeking to achieve their ambitions, but it's essential to approach it with a clear understanding of the structure and its potential impact.

How Regulation A+ Equity Crowdfunding

Regulation A+, also known as Reg A+, functions as a powerful mechanism for businesses desiring to raise capital through equity crowdfunding. It presents a streamlined process for companies to issue and their securities to the public, reaching everyday investors. Under Reg A+, companies can raise up to $50 million in a fiscal cycle, offering them with access to a wider pool of capital than traditionally obtainable by private offerings.

The process for Reg A+ equity crowdfunding involves several key phases. First, companies must create and lodge a detailed offering statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This filing provides investors with a thorough overview of the company, its business plan, and the risks associated with the investment.

Once the the SEC has reviewed and approved the offering statement, companies can begin marketing their securities to investors through various mediums. This can encompass online platforms dedicated to equity crowdfunding, as well as traditional marketing strategies.

{Ultimately, Regulation A+ provides a practical avenue for businesses to secure funding through the power of the crowd. By making it simpler for companies to tap into broader capital sources, Reg A+ has the potential to drive economic growth.

Regulation A+ Funding

FundAthena is a company leveraging the power of Regulation A+, offering investors the opportunity to contribute in promising startups. This alternative funding mechanism allows companies to raise ample capital from a wider range of sources, while providing entities with exposure to high-growth ventures. FundAthena's skilled team streamlines the entire Regulation A+ process, ensuring a seamless experience for both projects and their supporters.

Speculative Colonial Stock Securities

Venture into the burgeoning realm of Merger Acquisition Colonial Stock Securities, where history meets contemporary finance. These unique assets grant investors access to a diverse portfolio of reimagined colonies. Each holding represents a stake in the potentialexpansion of these captivating ventures. Pursue this promising opportunity to contribute to the reconstruction of our collective past.

Our Discovery

Finally, after months of tireless hunting, our team has made a breakthrough! We've excavated a unique registration. It's in excellent condition, and we believe it could hold the key to understanding long-lost technologies. This is a moment of triumph for our entire team.

Initial| inspections are already underway, and we're eager to reveal more details soon.

Funding Your Venture - Title IV Reg A+

Delve into the exciting world of Title IV Regulation A+ with our insightful infographic. Discover how this powerful regulatory framework can empower your company to reach new heights . Explore the key advantages of Title IV Reg A+ and understand its significance on the modern investment ecosystem .

Whether you're a seasoned entrepreneur or just starting out, this infographic provides valuable insights into the intricacies of Title IV Reg A+. Gain a comprehensive understanding of the process, eligibility requirements, and potential rewards. Learn how to utilize this unique funding opportunity to fuel your expansion . Don't miss out on this essential resource for anyone interested in exploring the exciting realm of Title IV fundraising.

Explore more into the world of Title IV Reg A+ today!

Reg A+ - Securex Filings LLC

Securex Filings LLC acts as a leading facilitator for companies seeking to leverage the potential of Regulation A+ offerings. Possessing extensive expertise in securities law and a intricacies of capital raising, Securex Filings LLC delivers a comprehensive range of tools designed to streamline the Regulation A+ journey . From early consultations to closing , their passionate team guides issuers through every step of legal requirements.

The company focus on assisting businesses in understanding the complexities of Regulation A+.
Companies can benefit from Securex Filings LLC's experience to maximize their chances of a successful Reg A+ offering.

Uncover Crowdfund.co

Crowdfund.co is a/provides/serves as a platform/an online hub/a resource for individuals/people/backers to invest in/support/fund innovative/exciting/groundbreaking projects. Through/On/Via this website/platform/marketplace, creators/developers/entrepreneurs can raise/secure/gather capital/funding/money for their ideas/ventures/projects. Crowdfund.co offers/presents/features a variety/range/selection of categories/fields/industries for investors/backers/donors to choose from/select/explore. Whether you're/If you are/You might be looking to/searching for/interested in making an impact/supporting innovative ideas/finding investment opportunities, Crowdfund.co could be/might be/can be the perfect place/ideal destination/go-to resource.

A Fundrise Reg A Investment

Fundrise has recently launched its latest Reg A offering. This type of funding round allows individuals to participate in Fundrise's portfolio of real estate properties. The offering is currently open and presents a unique investment avenue for investors seeking exposure to the commercial real estate market. Fundrise has demonstrated consistent performance with its previous Reg A offerings.

Investors interested in learning more about the Fundrise Reg A offering are encouraged to explore the company's online resources. There, they can find details about the terms and conditions. Before making any investment decisions, it is always advisable to conduct thorough research and consult with a financial advisor.

Securities and Exchange Commission

The Securities and Exchange Commission is/serves as/acts as the primary regulatory/governing/overseeing body for securities/financial markets/investments in the United States/America. Established/Founded/Created in 1934/the early 20th century, the SEC is tasked with/aims to/strives to protect/ensure the fairness and integrity of/maintain financial markets/transactions/instruments by enforcing federal securities laws/regulations/guidelines. Its/The responsibilities include/encompass/extend to registering/regulating/overseeing broker-dealers, investment advisors, and mutual funds, as well as investigating potential fraud/violations of securities laws/market manipulation. The SEC also plays a key role in/actively participates in educating/informing/raising awareness the public about investment risks/securities regulations/financial literacy.

Revolutionize Your Funding Journey With CrowdExpert Title IV Reg A+ Equity Crowdfunding

CrowdExpert Title IV Reg A+ Equity Crowdfunding offers businesses a unique and dynamic platform to secure the funding they demand for growth and expansion. Leveraging the power of the investment, CrowdExpert connects organizations with investors who are passionate about progress. By offering shares of equity in exchange for donations, businesses can access a abundance of capital from a diverse pool of individuals. This method of funding not only provides financial support but also fosters awareness for the venture, building a strong foundation for future expansion.

Benefit from a streamlined and transparent process
Reach a wider audience of potential investors
Boost your growth through targeted funding

Gauging the Waters

Before jumping headfirst into any new venture, it's wise to test the waters first. This entails methodically observing the current climate. By gathering insights, you can evaluate the potential receptiveness of your idea. It's a prudent approach that can help you avoid risks.

Mass Crowdfunding

The concept of crowdfunding is no longer a niche practice. It's shifted into a powerful tool that allows individuals and organizations to raise funds directly from the public. This democratization of funding has opened up a world of opportunities for aspiring entrepreneurs, enabling them to bring their visions to life without relying on traditional sources like banks or investors. By tapping into the collective power of the crowd, crowdfunding campaigns have become a viable way to fund everything from artistic endeavors to social causes.

Sites like Kickstarter and Indiegogo have become central hubs for crowdfunding projects, connecting creators with potential backers.
The rise of online communities has further amplified the reach of crowdfunding campaigns, allowing them to go viral quickly.
Inspiring examples abound in the world of crowdfunding, demonstrating its ability to support innovative ideas.

As crowdfunding continues to grow, it's clear that this revolutionary model has the potential to reshape the way we support innovation. It empowers individuals, fosters collaboration, and unlocks new possibilities for creativity and progress.

StreetShares

StreetShares is a/an/the leading platform/company/solution for small/medium-sized/local businesses. It provides access to/funding through/capital in the form of loans/investment/credit, specifically designed/tailored/optimized for the needs of entrepreneurs/business owners/startups. With a focus on transparency/community/collaboration, StreetShares strives to empower/support/assist businesses by offering competitive rates/flexible terms/attractive options.

Founded in/Established during/Created by 2013/the year 2015/a few years ago, StreetShares has helped/supported/funded thousands of/numerous/a large number of businesses across the United States/country/nation.
Their/Its/The company's mission is to provide financial inclusion/make financing accessible/bridge the funding gap for emerging/growing/aspiring businesses.

Moreover/Additionally/Furthermore, StreetShares offers educational resources/training programs/valuable tools to help businesses succeed/thrive/grow.

Exploiting Regulation A+ for Successful Fundraising

Regulation A+ has emerged as a popular avenue to companies seeking capital. This framework allows public companies to raise substantial sums of financing by means of a streamlined procedure.

Entities are drawn to Regulation A+ offerings due because of the opportunity for considerable returns. Moreover, Regulation A+ offers companies with a means to access a broader pool.

A robust Regulation A+ fundraising campaign depends on several key components. These include a strong business plan, a open communication system, and a passionate team.

Ultimately, Regulation A+ offers a practical route for companies to attain financial resources.

The SEC's EquityNet

EquityNet is a platform that provides tools to support small businesses. Through its online network, EquityNet connects individuals who invest with viable new businesses. The portal features a range of services to facilitate the capital raising process, including due diligence reports, venture capitalist evaluation, and deal management. EquityNet acts an critical role in the ecosystem of startup investment.

Reg A+ Deals

Companies looking to raise capital may evaluate Regulation A+ deals as a less stringent alternative to traditional IPO's. This framework allows companies to secure up to $75 million from the public in a manner that expedites the fundraising process. Compliance remains crucial, however, as companies must adhere to stringent disclosure requirements and filing procedures. Successful Reg A+ offerings can provide companies with valuable capital to support growth and expansion.

Key advantages of Regulation A+ include its relatively easy process, lower expenses, and the ability to reach more investors.
Considerations to be aware of include the ongoing reporting obligations and the need for thorough legal advice throughout the process.

Understanding Regulation in Crowdfunding

The sphere of crowdfunding has significant expansion, presenting both advantages and challenges. Legal frameworks play a crucial role in influencing this evolving {environment|. This necessitates a thorough understanding of the current guidelines governing crowdfunding operations.

Government agencies worldwide are steadily striving to implement defined guidelines that promote responsible and transparent crowdfunding practices. These regulations aim to ensure both investors and businesses while ensuring a fair playing field for all {stakeholders|.

Adherence is imperative for crowdfunding players to conduct business within the law. Failure to conform with applicable guidelines can lead severe penalties. Consequently,, it is paramount for crowdfunding entities to remain updated of the latest regulatory developments. In conclusion understanding and navigating regulations is crucial for the long-term success and resilience of the crowdfunding sector.

Offering Requirements

When controlling presentations, it's essential to establish clear and comprehensive requirements. These regulations aim to guarantee that offerings meet predetermined levels of quality, protection, and conformance with relevant laws and standards. Businesses seeking to submit their offerings must adhere these demands to operate within the framework of legal and ethical restrictions.

Specially, offerings in the medical industry are subject to stringent rules regarding patient confidentiality and data safeguarding.

Similarly, financial offerings must adhere to strict conformance norms to prevent misconduct and protect investors.

Regulation A+ Investopedia

Understanding governance is vital for market participants. Investopedia's detailed resource on supervision provides insight into the complexities of financial markets. From derivatives to insurance, Investopedia's definitions illuminate key principles related to regulatory frameworks. Whether you are a novice or an veteran analyst, Investopedia's A+ supervision content deepens your understanding in this dynamic field.

Regulating A+ Companies

The realm of A+ companies is constantly shifting, presenting both opportunities and challenges for regulators. These high-performing entities often operate at the cutting edge of innovation, pushing the boundaries of what's possible. However, their success can also generate complex implications that require careful assessment. Regulators must aim to cultivate a regulatory environment that is both supportive of innovation while also guaranteeing sound business practices.

This balancing act requires a refined approach, one that recognizes the unique characteristics of A+ companies and their impact on the broader market.

There are several key areas where regulation of A+ companies must be carefully considered. These include:

* Data privacy and security:

A+ companies often collect and process vast amounts of information, raising concerns about the safeguarding of user information.

* Algorithmic transparency and accountability:

As A+ companies increasingly rely on intelligent technologies, it is crucial to ensure that these algorithms are explainable and held accountable for their outcomes.

* Competition and market dominance:

The success of A+ companies can sometimes lead to worries about monopoly, which could harm consumer interests.

Mitigating these challenges requires a collective effort involving regulators, A+ companies, researchers, and the society at large. Through transparent discussion, it is possible to develop regulatory frameworks that promote both innovation and the prosperity of society.

Supervision A+ Summary

Regulations ensure a level playing field within industries by setting guidelines. A+ summaries typically highlight key aspects of these regulations, offering a concise overview for stakeholders. These summaries are crucial for understanding compliance requirements and interpreting the nuances of regulatory frameworks.

Advantages of regulation A+ summaries comprise:
Increased understanding of regulatory requirements
Streamlined compliance processes
Lowered risk exposure

Guidelines for Real Estate Transactions

The real estate market is a complex ecosystem governed by/regulated through/controlled by strict/comprehensive/robust regulations/laws/guidelines. These rules/standards/policies are designed to/implemented for/intended to protect/safeguard/ensure consumers, promote fairness/maintain transparency/foster ethical conduct in transactions, and prevent/mitigate/address fraudulent activities. Real estate professionals, including brokers/agents/developers, are required to/expected to/obligated to comply with/adhere to/follow these regulations/guidelines/standards.

Notable/Key/Important aspects of/areas covered by/issues addressed by regulation in the real estate industry include/encompass/address property disclosures/listings/transactions, agency relationships/client representation/confidentiality agreements, fair housing practices/anti-discrimination policies/equal opportunity laws, and real estate financing/mortgage lending/loan servicing.

Understanding/Being aware of/Familiarizing oneself with these regulations/the regulatory landscape/legal framework is essential for/crucial to/highly important for anyone involved in/participating in/engaged in the real estate market.

Our Mini-IPO First JOBS Act Company Goes Public Via Reg A+ on OTCQX

After years period of preparation and persistence, our company is thrilled to announce its public debut via a Regulation A+ offering on the OTCQX marketplace. This milestone represents a significant achievement for us as we embrace this new chapter of growth and opportunity.

The company believe that this listing will provide enhanced visibility to our investors and aspiring stakeholders, while also allowing us to secure the capital necessary to power our next phase of expansion. We are confident about the future and look forward to share our journey with all of you.

Empowers Reg A+ raises on the platform

FundersClub, a leading online equity crowdfunding platform, is launching a new feature that supports companies to perform Reg A+ raises directly on its portal. This development enhances FundersClub's capabilities, giving entrepreneurs access to a wider pool of investors. With Reg A+, companies can raise up to $50 million from the retail investors. FundersClub's streamlined platform streamlines the fundraising process for companies, making it easier than ever before to tap into the power of crowdfunding.

Securities Regulation: What is Reg A+

Regulation A+, often referred to as "Reg A+" for brevity, is a/acts as/constitutes a financing exemption within the U.S. securities laws. It allows companies to raise capital from the get more info general public through a process/method/system known as crowdfunding. The goal of Reg A+ is to provide smaller businesses with a more accessible path to raising funds, compared to traditional methods like initial public offerings (IPOs).

Under Reg A+, companies can offer and sell their securities directly to investors online or through broker-dealers. There are two tiers within Reg A+: Tier 1 allows companies to raise up to $20 million within a twelve/one/specified month period, while Tier 2 permits fundraising of up to $75 million over a similar timeframe.

To participate in a Reg A+ offering, investors typically must complete a simple verification process to ensure they meet certain income or net worth requirements. These offerings can be found on specialized Reg A+/Regulation A+ crowdfunding platforms/crowdfunding portals.

These platforms act as intermediaries, connecting companies with potential investors and facilitating the entire fundraising procedure/process/cycle.

Navigating an IPOs

Bringing a company public through an Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a complex undertaking, requiring meticulous planning and adherence to stringent regulations. The regulatory landscape surrounding IPOs can be particularly intricate, involving multiple bodies at both the federal and state levels. To ensure a successful IPO, companies must navigate these regulatory hurdles effectively by complying with reporting requirements, undergoing review processes, and adhering to market integrity principles. Failure to do so can result in significant penalties, legal litigation, and damage to the company's reputation.

Businesses planning an IPO must engage with regulatory consultants to ensure full compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) plays a crucial role in overseeing the IPO process, reviewing financial statements and other documentation.
Companies must report material information to potential investors to ensure transparency and preserve investor interests.

Reg A+ Securities Issuances

Reg A+ offerings present a unique pathway for companies to raise capital in the public markets. By leveraging this mechanism, companies can secure investments from a wider pool of individuals. This process typically involves filing a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) outlining the company's business model. Reg A+ offerings are commonly used by companies in various sectors, particularly those seeking to enhance their capabilities.

Some notable benefits of Reg A+ offerings include:A key advantage of Reg A+ offerings is the ability for companies to raise funds directly from investors without relying on traditional underwriting fees. This can lead to significant cost savings and allow companies to retain a larger portion of the capital raised.
Another benefit is the increased visibility that comes with launching a public offering.{Reg A+ offerings also provide companies with enhanced brand recognition and media attention, which can be invaluable for attracting new customers and partners.

However, it's important to note that Reg A+ offerings are not without their challenges. Companies must comply with stringent SEC regulations and prepare comprehensive disclosure documents. It also requires significant effort and resources to effectively market the offering to potential investors.

Guidelines A+ Policies

The application of Regulation A+ standards has significant importance in guaranteeing fairness within the securities markets. They are designed to a framework for ethical conduct by entities involved in offering securities. Strict observance of Regulation A+ rules is essential for investors to protect their interests.

A robust understanding of Regulation A+ requirements empowers both issuers and investors to participate effectively in the capital markets.

Furthermore, Regulation A+ establishes a well-defined mechanism by which companies can obtain financing while protecting the integrity of the markets.

SlideShare framework a securities act of 1933 jobs act 106 reg A tier 2 offering

The JOBS Act, specifically Section 106, modified Reg A+ as a streamlined mechanism for smaller companies to raise capital. This stage 2 offering under Reg A+ allows companies to advertise their securities offerings through various channels, including SlideShare, to secure potential investors. SlideShare's service can be a valuable tool for companies seeking to adhere to the disclosure obligations of Reg A+ Tier 2 by providing a user-friendly space to communicate their financial information and business plan with a wider audience.

Remember: SlideShare's community guidelines should be carefully reviewed to ensure compliance with securities laws and regulations.

Managing a Text Precisely

When handling text, control becomes essential for achieving desired effects. This mechanism involves defining clear guidelines to guarantee consistency and quality.

Regulations for text can address a diverse variety of aspects, including format, tone, and content. By implementing these rules, we can optimize the clarity of text and reduce misinterpretations.

Appropriate text regulation plays a role to clear communication.
Standards instill professionalism in written material.
Standardized text enhances the general value of any textual work.

Governance a+ Offering

A compliant a+ offering requires a comprehensive understanding of the evolving regulatory environment. This involves identifying relevant laws and implementing robust procedures to ensure adherence. A effective a+ offering should also enable accountability and build trust with customers.

Essential factors when constructing a regulation a+ offering include: risk management, data security, consumer protection

Regulation A Plus Gain

When it comes to laws, a "plus" often signifies a beneficial impact. A regulatory framework that's well-designed and effectively implemented can enhance security. It can also promote development by providing a clear environment for businesses to succeed. This, in turn, can lead to financial advancement and a higher level of living. Ultimately, "regulation a plus" results into a healthier society for all.

Regulation D

When a company is seeking to raise capital, they have several alternatives available. Two common methods are Regulation A and Regulation D. Regulation A is a form of securities offering that allows companies to raise up to $50 million from the public, while Regulation D is used for private placements, permitting companies to sell securities to a limited number of acquirers.

provides greater public visibility, but it also involves more strict requirements.
{Regulation D|Reg D|focuses on private placements, making it a good option for companies seeking less public scrutiny.

Ultimately, the best regulation will depend on the company's specific conditions and its aspirations.

The FRB's Regulation A

FRB Regulation A is a framework/lays out guidelines/establishes parameters for financial institutions to follow. It focuses on safeguarding/protecting/securing depositors and maintaining financial stability/the integrity of/a sound banking system. The regulation covers/addresses/deals with a wide range/broad spectrum/comprehensive set of activities, including capital requirements/asset allocation/risk management. By adhering to these rules/provisions/mandates, financial institutions contribute to/help ensure/play a vital role in the stability and soundness of the overall financial market/economy/system.

Privacy Officer

A Privacy Officer is a role responsible for managing an organization's compliance with privacy regulations. This crucial expert works to maintain procedures that protect personal records. They also {act as a liaison between the organization and regulators, offering guidance on data protection matters.

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Approves New “Reg A+” Rules for Crowdfunding

In a major move to boost the crowdfunding market, the SEC|U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has finalized new rules for “Reg A+”. This administrative framework is designed to empower businesses to raise investment from a larger pool of investors.

Reg A+, formerly known as Regulation A, now allows companies to offer their stocks to the public outside of the traditional IPO process.
The new rules modify current regulations, providing companies with greater flexibility in how they raise capital.
This move are projected to {have asignificant impact on the crowdfunding landscape, making it for both companies seeking funding and individuals looking to invest.

Comparing Reg A and Reg D

When seeking capital for a new business venture, entrepreneurs often confront the complexities of securities law. Two common avenues for securing these ventures are Regulation A+ and Regulation D, each with its own distinct rules. Regulation A+, also known as mini-IPO , allows companies to raise substantial amounts of capital from the general public. In contrast, Regulation D is primarily designed for limited offerings where investments are made by a limited number of accredited investors.

Rule 506 of Regulation D further categorizes private placements into two distinct categories: Rule 506(b) and Rule 506(c). Under Rule 506(b), companies can {raise funds from an unlimited number of accredited investors, but are restricted to offering securities to a maximum of 35 non-accredited investors. Rule 506(c), on the other hand, grants more flexibility by allowing companies to advertise and solicit investments from both accredited and non-accredited investors, provided they conduct due diligence to verify investor credentials .

Choosing between Regulation A+ and Regulation D involves diligently considering various factors such as the amount of capital required, target audience, regulatory compliance burden, and overall aspirations of the business.

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REGULATION A+ OFFERING: HYPE OR REALITY?

Regulation A+ Offering: Hype or Reality?